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The Secret of NiMH


Panasonic introduced the 1st competitive Nickel Metal Hydride Sub-C cell a year and a half ago. And for racing classes where run time is important like 1/12th scale stock and modified with 8 minute heats, power hungry 1/10-scale 4WD modified touring sedans and modified super speedway oval cars, these 3000mAh cells quickly became the batteries of choice offering significant performance advantages.

Back in August 2000, SanyoŽ answered the call by introducing their own 3000mAh Nickel Metal Hydride cell. Sanyo 3000s proved to have a slightly higher voltage at the beginning of the run, but would tail off towards the end. For 4 and 5 minute 1/10-scale touring cars, Sanyos are preferred but for 8 minute 1/12-scale racing, most drivers stuck with the consistent power of the Panasonic 3000s.

Panasonic recently discontinued the original blue label 3000mAh NiMH cells in favor of an even higher performing cell. Panasonic's new 3000mAh Stock Nickel Metal Hydride cells now feature a black label and early testing of the cell are showing improvements in both capacity and voltage. Our R&D staff obtained 30 Panasonic Stock Nickel Metal Hydrides for testing and ran a comparison with the old Panasonic blue label 3000s and with the current Sanyo 3000 NiMH. We also got our hand on a newly produced 3000 NiMH cell from Powers, a new player in the R/C battery market.

 

The Gurus get into the act

In addition our staff interviewed the motor and battery Gurus at Associated: Mike Reedy and Sean Cochran; and the R&D Manager at Trinity: Rick Hawks. Both Trinity and Associated have several months of testing on the new Panasonic cells and probably have more experience with Nickel Metal Hydrides in general than anyone else in the country.
First we asked Associated and Trinity what classes most benefit from Nickel Metal Hydrides. Both agreed that any class where run time is an issue and the batteries are being dumped in the allotted racing time, the higher capacity of Nickel Metal Hydrides will be an advantage. Those classes include:

In several classes the choice is not so obvious. While 3000 Nickel Metal Hydrides offer greater capacity allowing hotter motor winds or taller gearing, Sanyo 2400 NiCads offer higher voltages. In the following classes racers are experimenting with the higher voltage NiCads vs. the higher capacity 3000NiMH:

Pickin' the pack

20 Amp Discharge Rates
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Click Chart to Enlarge

Okay, Panasonic, Sanyo or Powers? Which is best? Opposite is a graph comparing the 20 amp discharge rates of the old Panasonic 3000 NiMH, the new stock Panasonic 3000 NiMH, Sanyo 3000 NiMH, Sanyo's 2400 NiCad and Powers GT3000R.

We've talked with several pro racers that have been testing/ racing all three types of NiMH cell. They all agree that at this point it's a toss up. The Powers cells have the highest capacity but the lowest voltage. These batteries require a slightly taller gearing or hotter motor to make up for the voltage loss. The Sanyo cells are most popular for 1/10-scale modified touring, but they have also been the easiest to get. The new Panasonics are just now becoming available and the numbers sure look good on the machines plus on the track they don't fall off at the end of the run.

Compared to Nicads Nickel Metal Hydrides are environmentally friendly and many industry leaders believe that NiMh is the way of the future.

Test Cell Information
Battery Brand
Discharge Time (SEC)
Average Volts
Charge Time
Peak Charge
Discharge Amps
Charge Amps
Old Panasonic 3000
0519
1.13
2637
1.52
20.0
5
New Panasonic 3000
0526
1.16
2113
1.52
20.0
5
Sanyo 2400
0425
1.14
2024
1.65
20.0
5
Sanyo 3000
0440
1.14
2246
1.59
20.0
5
Powers GT 300R
0584
1.13
2833
1.52
20.0
5

Battery Maintenance

We asked both Trinity and Associated their recommendations for getting the best performance and life from Nickel Metal Hydrides. Both agreed that it's important not to over charge the cells. When reaching a full charge, NiMh batteries have a soft peak meaning that the battery's voltage drop at full charge is small compared to a Nicad which has a hard peak. Because of this it's important to use a charger that can be adjusted for a low Delta Fallback (the amount of voltage drop before the charger shuts off). Novak's Millennium or Competition Electronics Turbo 35 are favorite choices of racers. It's important to not let the cells get hot during charging. A charge rate of 4 to 5 amps is recommended and when the cells reach their peak you'll notice that the heat builds up rapidly. Associated recommends not exceeding 125* f during charging. If possible, time your charge to end just minutes before your race. Sometimes that's just not possible and in those cases re-peaking just before a race is recommended. Just be sure not to overheat the cells.

Most importantly don't over discharge the cells. Discharging below .9 volts per cell can cause permanent capacity and voltage loss. At the end of a race day, discharge the cells no lower than .9 volts per cell before putting them away.

Nickel Metal Hydrides can be used up to three times per race day. Just be sure to let them fully cool before recharging. Usually a rest period of 2 to 3 hours is recommended.

Both Associated and Trinity warned against storing the cells for long periods without cycling the cells. In Rick Hawks' words, "use em or lose em". If there is more than two weeks between races it's
recommended that the cells be cycled. Once every two weeks is about right. A 4 to 5 amp charge with a 20 amp discharge to .9 volts per cell is recommended to maintain the performance of the batteries.

The old Blue Label Panasonic cells were a bit finicky and would lose capacity over a season no mater how well they were taken care of. The Sanyos and the new Pansonics are proving to be a more consistent performing cell with better longevity.

We asked both manufacturers what effect zapping NiMh cells had and both said that zapping increases the voltage and decreases the internal resistance only slightly in some cells. While the effect is beneficial it's not as big a difference as found with Nicads.

We asked Rick Hawks why the new Panasonics were called Stock Nickel Metal Hydrides when modified classes seem to have the greatest benefit. He said that the first prototype samples had the same capacity as the Blue Label Panasonic cell but with a greater voltage. When the production cells came in, the new cells not only had a higher voltage but a significant increase in capacity. Both Associated and Trinity agree that the new Panasonic's will be better than the old style in all applicable racing classes